Digitized Theses and Dissertations (1940 - 2009)

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1. Application and optimization of thermospray HPLC/MS with direct electrical heating of the capillary vaporizer. 2. A moving belt transport detector for HPLC based on thermospray vaporization
(1985) Yang, Lily; Vestal, Marvin L.; Zlatkis, Albert; Deming, Stanley N.; Wentworth, Wayne E.; Middleditch, Brian S.
This dissertation is composed of two parts. In Part 1, the new version of thermospray high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) with direct electrical heating of the capillary vaporizer is described and applied to real on-line HPLC/MS analyses. The effect of fundamental parameters, such as vaporizer temperature, jet temperature, solvent composition, mobile phase flow rate, and electrolyte concentration are reported. Effects of these parameters on thermospray performances are discussed as well as the thermospray ionization mechanism. A new technique for calibration of the mass axis under thermospray operating conditions is described. The results show that polyglycols make excellent calibration standards. The thermospray HPLC/MS analysis of a drug mixture under reversed phase gradient elution conditions is reported. Reproducible spectra from each component of the sample eluted from the HPLC column are obtained with molecular ion species as base peaks in all cases. Detection limits are determined as 10 nanograms or less in the full scan mode. Comparison of chromatograms detected by on-line UV absorption and by mass spectrometry shows that chromatographic fidelity is preserved in the thermospray interface. A profile of a biological fluid, water soluble metabolites extracted from guinea pig urine, is obtained with the thermospray HPLC/MS. One of the styrene oxide metabolites, a methylsulfonium ion, is tentatively identified by comparison with synthetic compounds. In Part 2, a moving belt transport detector for HPLC is described which employs thermospray deposition of the sample onto a moving stainless steel belt with subsequent vaporization or pyrolysis into a flowing gas stream for detection in a conventional GC detector. This detector is superficially similar to earlier transport devices in that a moving surface is required and the sample is detected after the solvent is removed. The major unique feature of the new approach is that the solvent is vaporized and removed without being deposited as liquid on the moving surface. The performance of this new transport detector is evaluated by coupling it to a photoionization detector (PID), using amino acids and peptides as test samples. Thermospray deposition efficiency is as high as 69% for phenylalanine in aqueous solution. Detection limits of this thermospray transport PID are typical in the 10-400 pmol range. The system performs satisfactorily with both aqueous and nonaqueous solvents at flow rates typical for HPLC. Performance of the thermospray transport system with electron capture detector (ECD) is also reported using chlorinated pesticides as test samples.
1. Assignment of the high field resonances of 5[alpha], 6[alpha]-epoxy-9,11-seco-gorgostan-3[beta],11-diol-9-one 3,11-diacetate (III): through the use of auto-correlated two dimensional and proton-carbon correlated NMR spectroscopy. II. Three novel marine steroids : [delta]⁵-9,11-seco-gorgostene-3[beta],11,24[beta]-triol-9-one (V),3[beta],11-dihydroxy-9,11-seco-dinostan-9-one (VII), and 3[beta],9[alpha],11[alpha]-trihydroxy-dinostane (VII). From the Gorgonian Pseudopterogorgia Americana (Gmelin)
(1983) Musmar, M. J.; Weinheimer, Alfred J.; Kohn, Harold Lewis; Alam, Maktoob; Thummel, Randolph Paul; Vestal, Marvin L.
The two steroids, [delta]⁵-9,ll-seco7gorgostene-3[beta],ll-diol-9-one and 5[alpha],6[alpha]-epoxy-9,ll-seco-gorgostan-3[beta],ll-diol-9-one, possess a trisubstituted cyclopropane ring in the side chain similar to gorgosterol and acanthasterol. The 1H-nmr spectra of all of these compounds showed the presence of an extra proton due to unusual high shielding. However, the identity of that non-cyclopropane proton has remained unsolved for many years. [...]
1. Preparation of analytically stable capillary and packed columns ; 2. Elimination of peak splitting associated with on-column injection ; 3. Preparation and evaluation of new adsorbents for trace analysis.
(1983) Ghaoui, Labib H.; Zlatkis, Albert; Geanangel, Russell A.; Hamburg, Arlene; Kimball, Aubrey P.; Wentworth, Wayne E.
This dissertation is composed of three parts. In Part I, a coating of silicone gum SE-54 on nylon and chromosorb W has been converted to an analytically stable, immobilized stationary phase layer by cross-linking with an organic peroxide. [...]
1. Reduction of phenylthiomethylcarbinyl benzoate esters to alkenes with titanium metal. 2. Cyclopentenone synthesis via the alkylating agent 1-(chloromethyl) ethenyl diethyl phosphate
(1983) Loh, Jiann-Ping; Welch, Steven C.; Fuchs, Richard; Thummel, Randolph Paul; Albright, Thomas A.; Cates, Lindley A.
A high yield and simple method for the reduction of phe-nylthiomethylcarbinyl benzoate esters to form alkenes by freshly prepared, highly activated titanium metal is presented. Utilization of the alkylating agent !-(chloromethyl)-ethenyl diethyl phosphate with ketones is developed. Cyclopentenone formation either via alkylation, hydrolysis, and cyclization or directly from alkylated ketones under mild basic conditions is described.
1. Synthesis and purification of 2H-decyl aldehyde. II. Kinetic isotope effects and analysis of the luciferase catalyzed reaction using various flavin analogues, assay methods, and buffers
(1983) Peters, Cynthia,1961-; Tu, Shiao-Chun; Hecht, Ralph M.; Eichberg, Joseph, Jr.; Franklin, Luther E.
Two kinetic models have been devised to study the decay rate of light emission in the luciferase bioluminescence reaction. The first model assumes that the luciferase reaction degrades via a light pathway and results in the manifestation of the kinetic isotope effect in the ratio of observed decay rate for H-aldehyde over that for D-aldehyde. The second model assumes degradation of the luciferase reaction occurs via a dark pathway with a resulting isotope effect manifested in the quantum ratio. It is shown that substitution of various flavin analogues for FMNH2 in the luciferase reaction produces results that follow these two schemes closely. Chain substituted derivatives and riboflavin result in kinetics consistent with a predominating light pathway, while ring substitutions result in dark decay. Previous data on the kinetics of luciferase catalyzed reactions reported that in the standard injection assay, low ionic strength Pi buffer, and saturating decanal and FMNH2 concentrations, kinetic values were consistent with decay by a light predominating pathway. We present data which indicate that the isotope effect on light decay rate is consistent with light decay under all conditions tested, but the quantum ratio differs to an extent in some cases that is inconsistent with either of the two proposed kinetic models. These data suggest that the luciferase reaction can partition in both the light-emitting pathway and the dark pathway to various extents depending on experimental conditions. A kinetic equation relating observed Vmax to the true Vmax value has been devised to determine maximal velocity of the luciferase reaction under conditions of substrate inhibition. This equation was found to be effective in correctly estimating the maximal velocity of the luciferase reaction at some aldehyde concentrations, but ineffective over a range of 100-fold increase in aldehyde concentration. The accuracy of the Ki and Kd values for aldehyde calculated according to this equation is also questionable.
119sn NMR studies on the complexation of tin (II) halides with various donor solvents
(1979) Yeh, Ho-Mei Mimi; Geanangel, Russell A.; Bear, John L.; Vestal, Marvin L.
The 119Sn chemical shift of SnX2 (X = F, Cl, Br, I) over a range of solute concentrations in HMPA, DMSO, DMF and glyme are reported. Equilibrium constants for the Complexation of SnX2 with some of these solvents are calculated by assuming a two-site exchange model. Relatively poor precision of calculated equilibrium constants was interpreted as evidence that a two-site exchange model does not provide a satisfactory description of the system. Various factors, such as self-association, ionization and/or temperature dependent shift, are believed to contribute to the scatter of data points which results in inconsistent K values.
2-substituted-2-acetamido- N-benzylacetamides : synthesis, spectroscopic and anticonvulsant properties
(1987) Le Gall, Philippe; Kohn, Harold L.; Dyckes, Douglas F.; Lemke, Thomas L.
Select functionalized amino acid derivatives of the potent anticonvulsant agent [alpha]-acetamido-H-benzylphenylacetamide (68b) and 2-acetamido-H-benzylpropionamide (68a) have been prepared and evaluated. Attention has been focused on the replacement of the [alpha]-phenyl and [alpha]-methyl groups in 68a and 68b by five-membered ring hetereoaromatic moieties, benzo-fused heteroaromatic groups, and simple polar substituents. The synthetic and pharmacological studies revealed several notable findings. First, the use of amidoalkylation procedures using boron trifluoride etherate provided a straightforward and reliable method to introduce an electron-rich heteroaromatic substituent at the a-carbon in the amino acid derivatives. This technology permitted the incorporation of acid sensitive, unsubstituted heteroaromatic compounds (i.e., pyrrole (74). indole (72) and benzofuran (75)) within the molecule. [...]
20 and 40 c/sec power functions in the visual, motor, and auditory cortices of the cat during three levels of performance in a successive visual discrimination task
(1969) Hix, Lyllian Blaine
The electrical activity in 5 frequency bands in the arousal spectrum was studied in the primary visual cortex, motor cortex, and primary auditory cortex of one cat during prestimulus (PS) and stimulus periods at 3 levels of performance in a successive visual discrimination task. The task involved pressing a bar to obtain milk only in the presence of a 10 c/sec flashing light as the SD and inhibiting during an S-delta period of a 3 c/sec light. EEG records representing the poorest, an intermediate, and the best behavioral performance, based on SD/S-delta ratios, in the visual discrimination task were computer analyzed to give average continuous power functions at 1/3 octave frequency bands with center frequencies of 20, 25, 31.5, 40, and 50 c/sec. The trials in the task on each tape were divided into as many as six behavioral categories, depending on the availability of trials within each category, as follows: PS, SD, and S-delta concomitant with a response (PSR, SDR, S-delta R, respectively) and PS, SD, and S-delta in which no response occurred (PSNR, SDNR, respectively). Initiation of computation was contingent upon a response, either behavioral or artificial and either with or without a delay, so that the averaged band powers in a period of time prior and subsequent to the response could be accurately ascertained. The analysis epoch was divided into two periods of time, one in which the electrical activity was assumed to be response related, the other assumed to be sufficiently removed in time from the response that the electrical activity was little affected by the response. The results were: 1. At all three levels of performance the 40 c/sec activity in visual I and motor cortex, but not in auditory I, was consistently higher during SDR than during the other behavioral conditions studied. 2. The 40 c/sec electrical activity in visual I coincident with a reinforced response increased as performance improved, although the 40 c/sec activity with intermediate performance appeared to be more similar to that occurring with superior performance than to that concomitant with poor performance. The 40 c/sec electrical activity in the motor cortex with a reinforced response varied little with performance level. 3. A marked peaking of the 40 c/sec activity and a marked decrease in 20 c/sec activity occurred coincident with a reinforced response in both visual I and motor cortex, but not in auditory I. These phenomena were particularly evident with intermediate and superior performance in visual I, 4. Graphic data indicated an inverse relationship between the 20 c/sec and 40 c/sec activity in the visual and motor cortices during SDR and S-deltaNR. The 20 c/sec activity was higher during S-deltaNR than during SDR and the 40 c/sec was higher during SDR than during S-deltaNR. Statistical analysis was not possible because of the small N (N=3). 5. A marked peaking of the 20 c/sec activity in auditory I occurred approximately 2 to 2 1/2 sec following a reinforced response during "lapping" behavior. At the same time, significant but very small decreases in the 40 and 50 c/sec bands occurred. The 20 c/sec activity was consistently higher during lapping than it was following a response that was not reinforced or during a prestimulus period. 6. Since 40 c/sec activity was observed in association with facllitatory or arousal behavior and the 20 c/sec with behavioral inhibition, a tentative hypothesis was advanced that the 40 c/sec activity is an electrical correlate of the orienting response and that the 20 c/sec activity is an electrical correlate of the inhibition of the orienting response.
3-amino-1-phenoxybutan-2-ols and 1-amino-3-phenoxybutan-2-ols as potentially active beta-adrenergic antagonists
(1974) Capiton, George Adolphe; Boblitt, Robert L.; Lemke, Thomas L.; Euler, Kenneth L.; Willcott, Mark Robert, III
To study the relationship between side-chain methylation and selective beta-receptor antagonism, eight aminophenoxybutanols were prepared, comprised of two series containing four compounds each: (A) 3-amino-1-phenoxybutan-2-ols(I), and (B) l-amino-3-phenoxybutan-2-ols(II). Synthesis was achieved by treating two isomeric phenols (4,4-dimethylphenol or 4-ethylphenol) with 3-bromo-1,2-epoxybutane, catalyzed with BF[subscript 3]-etherate, which resulted in a mixture of 3-bromo-1-phenoxy- and 1-bromo-3-phenoxybutan-2-ols. Subsequent refluxing with i-propyl- or t-butylamine afforded I and II. The mixture thus formed was separated by column chromatography and found to consist of approximately 30% I and 70% II. The structure of II was unexpected; it was assumed that a 3-amino-2-phenoxybutan-l-ol (the "abnormal" product) would prevail. PMR, CMR and mass spectral data were employed for structure elucidation.
3D forward modeling by four way domain decomposition and four way I/O concurrent management with absorbing boundaries implemented on the Cray X-MP/48
(1985) Juang, Shou-an; King, Willis K.; Johnson, Olin G.; Pyle, Leonard Duane; Gardner, Gerald H. F.
A 3D acoustic wave equation modeling program was designed and implemented on the CRAY X-MP vector processor. Domain decomposition is used to split the problem into two or more concurrent sub-tasks. The program is designed to handle problems of the order 256x256x128 spatial gird points and approximately 3000 time steps. The Fast Fourier Transformation method is used as the computional basis of the 3D modeling program, A brief overview of the CRAY X-MP system is given and the algorithm used in solving the wave eqution is also discussed. The design of the 3D forward modeling program has the following properties : (1) Four way concurrent I/O management (SLICE4); (2) Physical model input facility; (3) Domain decomposition and (4) Absorbing boundaries. The measured times, snapshots and time section graphs of the test models are presented. Factors affecting the computing time and improvements of the 3D forward modeling program will also be discussed. Finally the physical model results (tank data) is compared with the numerical results of the forward modeling to obtain comparisons of seismic events.
3D high order finite difference modeling and migration program implemented on the Cray X-MP out-of-core version
(1985) Shen, Liyang, 1961-; King, Willis K.; Johnson, Olin G.; Pyle, Leonard Duane; Gardner, Gerald H. F.
This paper describes the development and testing of a vectorized, 3D out-of-core modeling/migration program with absorbing boundary conditions for the Cray X-MP supercomputers using a high order finite difference method. The program has several alternatives for the user to select: (1). modeling or migration. (2). fourth order or sixth order finite-difference. (3). with or without absorbing boundary conditions. In the program, density is assumed to be a constant. Velocity v(x,y,z) can vary with x,y,z. The velocity matrix should be provided by the user. The program is aimed at dealing with very large data sets. In order to efficiently process a large amount of data, 4 parallel input/output channels are used to transfer data between main memory and disks. The I/O is also asynchronous.
3D migration on the Cray-XMP
(1986) Lhemann, Olivier; Johnson, Olin G.; Gardner, Gerald H. F.; King, Willis K.; Leiss, Ernst L.; Pyle, Leonard Duane
The implementation on the Cray X-MP of 3D migration algorithms derived from the Phase Shift method is presented. Due to the enormous amount of data to process, 3D migration algorithms are very demanding in I/O resources and CPU time. A package of subroutines, called Slice-4, has been designed in order to offer an efficient scheme to store and retrieve data from disk to main memory. Efficiency is achieved through an appropriate storage scheme, asynchronism and parallelism in the data transfers. The implementation of the Phase Shift migration algorithm using Slice-4 is described. This algorithm assumes the absence of lateral variations in the velocity field and is thus not appropriate for the migration of complicated geological structures. A new algorithm, called the Phase Shift Plus Correction (PSPC) method is presented. In this algorithm, which takes into account lateral velocity variations, the migration is performed through a two steps process. In the first step, a downward extrapolation is performed using the Phase Shift algorithm and a constant velocity. In the second step, a correction term is introduced. This term is a function of the difference between the actual space varying velocity field and the constant reference velocity. Depending on the complexity of the correction term, several schemes are available. In the first order scheme, the correction term is merely a time-shift. In the second order and high-order schenes, corrections are performed for both the time-shift and diffraction term. The interest of the PSPC algorithm is that, in contrast to other methods, the correction is performed without the use of a finite difference scheme. The method is thus more accurate, stability conditions are minimum and it is very fast. The algorithm is tested against real 2D and 3D data. Benchmarks results obtained on a dedicated Cray X-MP are also presented.
40 HZ EEG activity in learning disabled and normal children during baseline and verbal task conditions
(1981) Auerbach, Vivian; Sheer, Daniel. E.; Faibish, George M.; Curiel, Herman
Measurement of parietal EEG activity was undertaken in fourteen learning disabled boys and fourteen normal controls during baseline and verbal-auditory task conditions. Digitized records then underwent digital band pass filtering into 30 Hz, 40 Hz, 50 Hz, and 70 Hz bands. Epochs displaying significant activity in the 70 Hz band were omitted from the EEG analysis to minimize contamination by muscle artefacts. Control subjects displayed symmetrical parietal activity during baseline and a general left hemisphere activation on task across all three EEG bands. This activation was particularly focused in the 40 Hz band. Learning disabled subjects failed to display task dependent left hemisphere activation in any of the EEG bands. These results are consistent with the view that learning disabled subjects display deficits in attention and arousal.
40 HZ EEG and focused arousal behavior in the cat
(1985) Kaufmann, Paul M.; Sheer, Daniel. E.; Breitmeyer, Bruno G.; Ktonas, Preiklis Y.
The relationship between 40 HZ EEG and focused arousal behavior has been investigated in 6 cats. Indwelling chronic electrodes were implanted in the nucleus parabrachialis (PB) of the rostral pons, lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus, and visual cortex (VC). After recovery, EEG and behavior were recorded across the following experimental phases: 1) baseline, 2) presentation of a novel 7 cps visual stimulus and habituation to this stimulus, and 3) UCS - CS pairing of this visual stimulus with a mildly aversive event and adaptation to the pairing. An increase in the frequency of 40 HZ peaks was observed in the initial stages of phase 2 and phase 3 in comparison to phase 1. 40 HZ activity in the LGN and VC was strongly correlated with 40 HZ activity in PB. These results replicate previous findings that a high frequency low amplitude EEG signal is highly correlated with focused arousal, attention, and the acquisition phase of learning. Furthermore, results suggest that PB functions, through excitatory post synaptic potential (EPSP) biasing, to increase the probability of firing of fast frequency EEG between the LGN and VC during UCS-CS pairing of a visual stimulus. Ascending cholinergic input from PB is a critical neural substrate for focused arousal. Applications to learning and cognitive dysfunction are discussed.
40 HZ. power functions in MBI and normal children during performance of behavioral tasks
(1971) Hix, Lyllian B.; Sheer, Daniel E.; Johnson, Dale L.; Myers, Stanley N.; Rice, James A.; Wieland, Betty A.
The electrical activity in 3 frequency bands in the 'arousal spectrum' was studied in the right parietal-occipital area of 10 male learning disordered (MBI) children (age, M=10.26, SD=1.31; IQ, M=98.00, SD=7.51) and 10 normal grade level (NGL) children (age, M=10.19, SD=0.74; IQ, M=98.40, SD=6.05) during three behavioral tasks. Visual (V), Verbal-Visual (VV), and Verbal-Auditory (VA), and a Rest Control. Continuous (moving-window) power spectral functions were computed with an analog computer for 31.5, 40, and 50 Hz. bands and for a 70 Hz. band which was used as an indicator of the degree to which muscle potentials were contributing to the power functions. After discarding data believed to be affected by muscle potentials on the basis of a criterion value from the 70 Hz. power function, the 'area under the curve' of the power spectral functions was measured with a planimeter during each stimulus to response interval of the test situation and during consecutive 10-sec. intervals in Rest Control. Power/sec was then calculated. These measures were subjected to digital analysis in which a statistical control was applied to remove power from each function to the extent of the correlation of each power function with the 70 Hz. 'muscle indicator' function. The results were: 1. The MBI group made significantly more errors than the NGL group on VV and VA tasks, while there was no significant difference in performance of the two groups on V tasks. 2. Mean power/sec in the 40 Hz. band was higher during VV tasks compared to VA tasks and Rest Control in the NGL group, but not in the MBI group. Mean power/sec in the 31.5 and 50 Hz. bands did not differ significantly between VV, VA, and Rest Control for either the NGL or the MBI group. 3. Mean power/sec was higher in the NGL group than in the MBI group in the 40 Hz. band during VV tasks. No such difference in absolute power values between the two groups was observed either in the 31.5 and 50 Hz. bands or during VA and Rest Control. 4. Power/sec was higher during VV tasks than during Rest Control in more trials in the 40 Hz. band than in 31.5 and 50 Hz. bands in the NGL group, but not in the MBI group. There was no significant difference between frequencies in number of trials showing greater power during VA tasks than during Rest Control for either the NGL or MBI group. These results were interpreted within the framework of the hypothesis of the 40 Hz. rhythm as a 'consolidation rhythm' with the learning disability child's problem conceptualized as a possible failure in the generation of the 'consolidation rhythm.' Implications of these results for the diagnosis and treatment of learning disability children were discussed. It was suggested that researchers might try to facilitate the generation of the 40 Hz. rhythm in the brain either by chemotherapy or by operant conditioning of this rhythm, as in recent alpha conditioning studies. The problem of muscle potentials in the study of brain potentials at frequencies 30 Hz. and above was discussed and practical solutions to the problem were offered.
40Hz activity in MBI, LLD and normal children: a comparative EEG study
(1976) Laxton, Georgia A.; Sheer, Daniel E.; Johnson, Dale L.; Rice, James A.; Harwerth, Ronald S.
EEGs were recorded on three groups of children classified as Normals (N=22, mean age=10.08, mean IQ=102.32), Language-Learning Disability (LLD, N=29, mean age=9.91, mean IQ=99.36) and Minimal Brain Injured (MBI, N=25, mean age=10.63, mean IQ=90.56) by the Aldine School District during resting and performance of verbal and nonverbal tasks. Mean errors for the Verbal-Visual (VV) task were 2.41 for Normals, 4.62 for LLDs and 6.12 for MBIs. Mean errors for the Verbal-Auditory (VA) task were 1.91 for Normals, 5.34 for LLDs, and 6.94 for MBIs. Mean errors for the Tactile-Kinesthetic (TK) task were 3.86 for Normals, 5.38 for LLDs, and 5.12 for MBIs. Normals performed better than both learning disability groups on all tasks but no differences were found between the LLDs and MBIs. Computer analysis of the P[lowered 3]-C[lowered z] and P[lowered 4]-C[lowered z] leads divided the EEG into four 23% 1/3 octave bands centered at 30, 40, 50, and 70Hz. Activity of interest was 40Hz. with 30 and 50Hz. serving as control frequencies and 70Hz. used as a muscle detector. Normals had increases during the VV task in both leads in 40 and 50Hz. activity, during the VA task in both leads in 40Hz. activity, and during the TK task in the P[lowered 4]-C[lowered z] lead in 40Hz. activity. MBIs had increases during the TK task in the P[lowered 3]-C[lowered z]. lead in 40 and 50Hz. activity. LLDs had increases during the W task in P[lowered 4]-C[lowered z] in 50Hz. activity and decreases in 30Hz. activity in both leads during the VV task and in P[lowered 3]-C[lowered z], during the VA and TK tasks. Subgroups were formed using psychoeducational test data from school records and behavioral and EEG comparisons were made between the subgroups and between the subgroups and Normals. Hyperactivity, WRAT (Reading, Mathematics, and Spelling), and WISC Performance variables were not as effective as WRAT Reading subtest, WISC Verbal and the Bender-Gestalt test in predicting the degree of 40Hz. deficit as measured by the number of subjects showing 40Hz. increases within a subgroup compared to Nonaals. Findings were discussed in terms of "focused arousal," right-left hemisphere processing differences, the delayed maturation hypothesis, and prognosis for improvement resulting from 40Hz. conditioning as a treatment for learning disabilities. LLDs were selected as the group most likely to benefit from 40Hz. conditioning.
6-methylthioinosine-3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate: synthesis, feedback inhibition and interaction with cyclic phosphodiesterases from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells
(1975) Epps, Dennis Earl; Kimball, A. P.; Spring, Thomas G.; Sherwood, Edith; Bear, John L.
A 2D phase-shift migration algorithm for laterally varying velocity fields and an analysis of ophiolite-derived models of accretion
(1986) Ashabranner, Donald E.; Casey, John F.; Gardner, Gerald H. F.; Hall, Stuart A.; McDonald, John A.
A two dimensional depth migration algorithm capable of successfully handling laterally varying velocity fields has been developed. This technique was achieved by dividing a data set into overlapping subsets of equal width (number of traces) with adjacent subsets being offset by one trace. Each subset is migrated by a phase-shift algorithm using the velocity function of its central trace so that lateral velocity variations can be incorporated by introducing different velocity functions for successive subsets. Two different approaches have been developed, one operating in the frequencywavenumber (F - K) domain while the other operates in the frequency-space (F - x) domain, and both correctly migrated synthetic data in the presence of lateral velocity variations. Computation time, window width, and wrap around problems were addressed and based on these investigations, the F - x scheme was found to be superior, but neither algorithm is suitable for a mini-computer. The F - x scheme was to be applied to real seismic data collected over a fast spreading mid-ocean ridge in an effort to assess an ophiolite-derived model of accretion. Because of the C.P.U time required in the application of this algorithm to small data sets, this was deemed unfeasible. In lieu of this, a diffraction-stack migration was applied but no conclusions could be drawn because of the pre-stack processing history of the data.
A 2D time reversal depth migration program for the Cyber 205 vector processor
(1983) Horng-Jyh, Yang; King, Willis K.; Johnson, Olin G.; Pyle, Leonard Duane; Gardner, Gerald H. F.
A time reversal two-dimensional (2D) depth migration program was designed and implemented on the GDC Cyber 205 vector processor. The program was designed to handle a 256 times 256 spatial grid. The Fourier method was used as the computational basis of the program. In this thesis, we first describe the depth migration method in mathematical generality. We then discuss the basic features of vector processors and present an overview of the Cyber 205 system. Finally, we give details of program implementation. The purpose of this research was to implement the above migration program on a high performance vector processor in order to shorten processing time. Testing of the program was performed by comparison to a program using the same algorithm on the VAX-11/780 with a FPS-100 Array Processor. This program was written by Chung (1982). The measured computing time and plotted snap-shots for various test cases are shown. Results are discussed with respect to improvement of the computing time.
A 3D forward modeling program for the Cyber 205 vector processor
(1982) Cheng, Tien You; Johnson, Olin G.; Pyle, Leonard Duane; Gardner, Gerald H. F.
A 3D acoustic wave equation modeling program was designed and implemented on the CDC Cyber 205 vector processor. The program was designed to handle a 256x256x128 spatial grid and approximately 3000 time steps within 40 hours of computing time. The Fourier method was selected as the computational basis of the 3D modeling program. Some basic features of vector processors are introduced such as pipelining, vector instructions ...etc. A brief overview of the Cyber 205 system and the algorithm used in solving the wave equation are also discussed. The design of the 3D forward modeling program has the following properties (1) Halfword (32-bit) storage and computation. (2) Four way concurrent 1/0 management (SLICE4). (3) Dynamic startup computation involving only those spatial points at which wave activity is present. The measured times and snapshots of the test models are presented. Factors affecting the computing time and improvements of the 3D forward modeling program are also discussed.

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