Understanding How to Address Cervical Cancer Disparities in African American and Hispanic Populations

Cervical cancer rates have decreased significantly compared to previous years, however African American and Hispanic women face higher mortality rates than other racial groups. In 2016 the Texas Cancer Registry showed that Hispanic women had the highest incidence rate of late-stage cervical cancer and Non-Hispanic Blacks had the highest mortality rate. The Human Papilloma Virus, HPV, is a casual link in creating cervical cancer precursor lesions. HPV does not carry symptoms; therefore, comorbidities progress the infection and cancer is detected at an older age. The higher mortality rates in minority populations are due to screenings that detect late-stage cervical cancer. HPV vaccinations and Pap smear screenings are best used to avoid cervical cancer. Within the Houston area, predominantly African American and Hispanic communities have similar socioeconomic status, which alludes to similar health outcomes. This study focuses on understanding successful intervention elements that have the potential to decrease cervical cancer morbidity and mortality in African American and Hispanic women. In addition, research analyses of evidence-based interventions were synthesized to understand which study works best to address parental concerns, cultural beliefs, pap test knowledge, and completion of the HPV vaccination series. Many women did not receive a Pap smear within the recommended CDC guidelines of 3 years. Studies explained that the low adolescent uptake of HPV vaccinations are due to parental concerns of perceived sexual activity. Interventions that were culturally tailored and maintained partnerships with local institutions were successful in creating a positive impact on health beliefs and behaviors.