Process vs. Product Classes in English Literature: Student' and Professors' Perspectives on Teaching Writing

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate a wide range of human physiological functions by transducing extracellular ligand binding events into intracellular responses. GPCRs play a vital role in maintaining normal heart function by activating signaling pathways that control cardiomyocyte contractility, growth, and apoptosis. GPCRs can activate parallel, independent signaling pathways mediated by G-proteins or ?-arrestins. Whereas ﾓbalancedﾔ agonists activate both pathways equally, ﾓbiasedﾔ agonists dominantly activate one pathway, which is of interest for designing GPCR-targeting drugs because it may mitigate undesirable side effects. In this project, we developed techniques to measure the biased agonism of multiple ligands at the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (ATR1).