A Genomic and Functional Analysis of Bacterial Diversity in Agricultural Soil for Chlorpyrifos Biodegradation

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dc.contributor.committeeMemberIyer, Rupa
dc.contributor.committeeMemberGanapathy, Sivakumar
dc.contributor.committeeMemberCai, Chengzhi
dc.contributor.committeeMemberShireen, Wajiha
dc.contributor.committeeMemberZouridakis, George
dc.creatorIslam, Nelufa Yesmin
dc.creator.orcid0000-0002-9487-4635
dc.date.accessioned2019-09-10T14:52:15Z
dc.date.createdDecember 2018
dc.date.issued2018-12
dc.date.submittedDecember 2018
dc.date.updated2019-09-10T14:52:15Z
dc.description.abstractChlorpyrifos (CP) is a widely used organophosphate (OP) insecticide and a potent environemntal neurotoxin. This research project focuses on the potential of bacteria, both native to agricultural soil and part of a designed consortium composed of Iyer laboratory strains, to completely degrade CP and its toxic byproducts in different types of agricultural soil. Sequence data from isolated agricultural microorganisms was analyzed using the RAST (Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology) server to identify putative CP degradation biomarkers. Metabolite production and degradation kinetics analysis gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry (GCMS) analysis was conducted on each soil sample and compared to soil spiked with different combinations of bacterial consortia over a period of 7 days to determine the effectiveness of CP degradation in non-augmented and augmented soil. Genomic analysis of ranch, garden and crop soil microorganisms revealed multiple CP degradation biomarkers including a family of diverse OPHC2-like metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) enzymes, and 3-oxoadipate enol-lactonases. GCMS analysis of these soil samples inoculated with CP support putative microbial degradation activity show that 4 CP metabolites are consistently released including 3,5,6-trichloropyridinol (TCP), phosphorothioic acid, fumaric acid and ethanol. Non-augmented ranch soil and crop field soil display a greater degradation capacity than garden soil possibly due to greater CP pesticide exposure at these sites. Overall, degradation kinetics for augmented and non-augmented soil samples was 0.79d-1 and 0.19d-1 and half-life 1.03 and 5.45 days respectively. CP inoculated soil spiked with a bacterial consortium consisting of all 3 strains exhibited the highest degradation rate with 78.55% of CP degraded after 48 hours. The outcome of this study suggests that while native agricultural populations are capable of low-level CP degradation, supplementing contaminated soil with a bacterial consortium consisting of Pseudomonas putida, Ochrobactrum anthropi and Rhizobium radiobacter could be a highly effective and safe biological approach to facilitating rapid CP degradation.
dc.description.departmentEngineering Technology, Department of
dc.format.digitalOriginborn digital
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10657/4407
dc.language.isoeng
dc.rightsThe author of this work is the copyright owner. UH Libraries and the Texas Digital Library have their permission to store and provide access to this work. Further transmission, reproduction, or presentation of this work is prohibited except with permission of the author(s).
dc.subjectChlorpyrifos(CP)
dc.subjectBLAST
dc.subjectRAST
dc.subjectGCMS
dc.subjectMetabolites
dc.subjectBacterial consortium
dc.titleA Genomic and Functional Analysis of Bacterial Diversity in Agricultural Soil for Chlorpyrifos Biodegradation
dc.type.dcmiText
dc.type.genreThesis
local.embargo.lift2020-12-01
local.embargo.terms2020-12-01
thesis.degree.collegeCollege of Technology
thesis.degree.departmentEngineering Technology, Department of
thesis.degree.disciplineEngineering Technology
thesis.degree.grantorUniversity of Houston
thesis.degree.levelMasters
thesis.degree.nameMaster of Science

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