Browsing by Author "Sullivan, Kelli L."
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Item Future and Past Autobiographical Memory in HIV Disease(2021-05) Sullivan, Kelli L.; Woods, Steven P.; Medina, Luis D.; Neighbors, Clayton; Hasbun, RodrigoAccording to the constructive episodic simulation hypothesis, the ability to imagine the future relies on the construction of simulated events from details of past autobiographical memories. Episodic future thinking is impaired in some clinical populations with memory deficits and is associated with activation in prefrontal and temporal regions. Older adults also demonstrate more difficulty with episodic future thinking compared to younger individuals. While HIV disease commonly leads to episodic memory impairment, the ability of people with HIV (PWH) to describe future and past autobiographical events is not well understood. The present study was designed to determine the effects of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) on future and past autobiographical memory and to establish the neurocognitive and everyday functioning correlates of autobiographical memory in HIV disease. Participants included adults aged 50 years and older (24 PWH with HAND, 39 PWH without HAND, and 28 HIV− participants) who completed experimental measures of future and past autobiographical memory in addition to clinical tests of retrospective episodic memory, prospective memory, and executive functions. Overall, participants provided more detailed descriptions when describing past events as compared to future events. Results did not support a significant effect of HAND on future or past autobiographical memory performance, although participants with HIV produced numerically fewer details than seronegative participants at the level of small-to-medium effect sizes. Future and past autobiographical memory were not associated with neurocognitive measures or everyday functioning among participants with HIV. Overall, results do not support the presence of a large HAND-related deficit in autobiographical memory performance, although additional work in this area could help clarify the mechanisms underlying episodic future thinking in older PWH.Item Longitudinal Effects of Aging on Prospective Memory(2018-12) Sullivan, Kelli L.; Woods, Steven P.; Neighbors, Clayton; Massman, Paul J.Older adults demonstrate worse prospective memory (PM) performance compared to younger individuals, which may interfere with everyday activities such as remembering to take medications on time and turning off the stove after cooking. However, the longitudinal trajectories of time-based and event-based PM in older age are not known. Participants included 329 community-dwelling older adults (50 to 90 years old) who completed a baseline evaluation and up to three follow-up visits, approximately 2.2 years apart. Participants completed the time-based and event-based PM tasks of the Memory for Intentions Test (MIsT), a naturalistic 24-hr PM task, and the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ). Participants were also administered the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and clinical measures of executive functions. Generalized linear mixed models were used to analyze longitudinal changes in each PM variable, controlling for baseline age. Participants demonstrated significant declines in event-based but not time-based laboratory PM over time. Changes in event-based PM performance were associated with changes on measures of retrospective memory, attention, and semantic fluency, while changes in time-based PM performance were associated with changes in executive functions and semantic fluency. No significant changes were observed in naturalistic PM performance, and PM symptoms were found to decline over time. These results indicate that older adults may be particularly susceptible to age-related declines in more automatic, event-based PM tasks compared to time-based PM tasks.