Browsing by Author "Murillo, Rosenda"
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Item Association between Food Insecurity and Diabetes: Differences by Sex and Socio-economic Status among Older Adults(2017-10-12) Shipchandler, Fatema; Reesor, Layton; Murillo, Rosenda; Scott, ClaudiaThe purpose of the study is to examine sex and socio-economic differences in the relationship between food insecurity and diabetes among low-income older adults.Item Childhood, Adulthood, and Cumulative Traumatic Experiences as a Predictor of Deportation Fears(2020-09-29) Garcia Marroquin, NadiaBackground The current political climate has increased deportation fears and these fears may be magnified by prior or current traumatic experiences. While research has focused on the causality of Latino children’s traumatic experiences as a consequence of deportation, it has not examined prior traumatic experiences in relation to heightened deportation fears among adults. We examined measures of childhood, adulthood, and cumulative trauma in relation to deportation fears among low-income Latino immigrants. Methods This was a cross-sectional pilot study designed to examine the impact of individual and cumulative stressors on the health measures listed above. Data collection occurred August 2018 – April 2019 in Houston-area community centers. Participants were surveyed using trauma and deportation fear subscales and demographic and socio-economic measures. A series of descriptive and linear regression models were conducted to evaluate various forms of trauma as predictors deportation fears. Results The majority of participants experienced at least one incident of physical and emotional trauma during childhood and almost three incidents of general trauma in adulthood. Deportation fears averaged to 2.86 (SD = 1.57) out of a 5-point scale. Physical and emotional trauma during childhood each predicted increased deportation fears, as did general trauma in adulthood. In addition, the cumulative trauma score was positively associated with deportation fears. Conclusion The unaddressed chronic stress associated trauma places individuals at risk for severe mental health disorders. Addressing Latino immigrants’ health needs through trauma-informed care is important as prior research suggest that negative health consequences are transmitted to succeeding generations. This project was completed with contributions from Hua Zhao from University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.Item Food Insecurity is Associated with Moderate and Severe Psychological Distress in Latino Adults(2022-04-14) Ali, Arfa; Bhatt, Jhanvi; Dinh, KristinLatinos are more likely to be food insecure and report psychological distress compared with other racial/ethnic groups. Despite these disparities, limited research has examined the association between food insecurity and psychological distress among Latinos. The purpose of our study was to examine associations between food insecurity and psychological distress levels in U.S. Latino adults. We used cross-sectional 2014-2018 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data on Latino participants 18-59 years of age (n=13,799). Food insecurity status was measured using the 10-item USDA Food Security Scale. Participants were categorized as food secure (2 or fewer items) and food insecure (3 or more items). Psychological distress was measured using the Kessler-6 scale, which categorized participants into no psychological distress, moderate psychological distress (MPD), and severe psychological distress (SPD). Multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations between food insecurity and psychological distress level. All models were adjusted for sex, age, education, nativity, insurance coverage, and marital status. In adjusted models, compared with those that were food secure, individuals that were food insecure were significantly more likely to report MPD (Odds Ratio [OR]: 2.60, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 2.24-3.01). Those that were food insecure were also more likely to report SPD (OR: 5.01, 95% CI: 4.06-6.18). These findings suggest that food insecure Latinos are more likely to experience psychological distress. Our findings highlight the continued need for community-based interventions and programs focused on providing food and mental health resources for individuals experiencing food insecurity. This project was completed with contributions from Daphne Hernandez from the UT Health Cizik School of Nursing.Item Gender Disparities in the Association between Food Insecurity and Psychological Distress among US Adults(2023-04-13) Dinh, Kristin; Thomas, RonaldIntroduction: Women are more likely to experience food insecurity (13.2% vs. 12.3% men) and more likely to report higher levels of psychological distress than men. Limited research has examined gender disparities in association between food insecurity and psychological distress among U.S. adults. Methods: We used cross-sectional 2014-2018 National Health Interview Survey data on 41,122 participants 18-59 years old with household income ?299% federal poverty level (FPL). 10-item USDA Food Security Scale measured food security levels (food secure: 0-2 items; food insecure: 3-10 items). Kessler-6 scale was used to measure the level of psychological distress and classify participants as having no psychological distress (more than 6 items), moderate psychological distress (6-12 items), and serious psychological distress (SPD; less than or equal to 13 items). Multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations between food insecurity and psychological distress by gender. All models were adjusted for age, ethnicity, education, insurance coverage, employment status, marital status, and FPL. Results: In adjusted models, compared with food secure men, those that were food insecure were significantly more likely to report MPD (OR: 2.37, 95% CI: 2.08-2.70) and SPD (OR: 4.20, 95% CI: 3.47-5.09). Compared with food-secure women, those that were food insecure were also more likely to report MPD (OR: 2.67, 95% CI: 2.42-2.95) and SPD (OR: 5.27, 95% CI: 4.58-6.06). Conclusion: Findings highlight the continued need for community programs focused on providing resources to men and women experiencing food insecurity and psychological distress.Item Higher Frequency of Seeing People Walk is Associated with Meeting Aerobic Physical Activity Guideline among Latino Adults(2018-10-18) Agrawal, PoojaSeeing others exercise is associated with increased leisure-time physical activity. However, studies have not examined the relationship between seeing people walk and meeting the aerobic physical activity guideline among Latinos. We examined the association between seeing people walk and aerobic activity recommendations among Latino adults. We used cross-sectional 2015 National Health Interview Survey data on Latino participants aged 18+ years (n=5416). Multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between seeing people walk within sight of home and meeting the aerobic activity guideline (some activity and met recommendation versus none). In adjusted models, individuals who reported seeing people walk about once a week, every 2-3 days, and every day were significantly more likely to engage in some aerobic activity. Those who reported seeing people walk every 2-3 days, and every day were also more likely to meet the aerobic activity guideline. Among Latinos, seeing people walk within sight of their home is associated with meeting the aerobic activity guideline. The role of seeing people walk in meeting the aerobic activity guideline should be considered in physical activity promotion among Latinos and in the continued importance of walkable neighborhoods.Item Neighborhood Social Cohesion Partially Mediates the Association Between Seeing People Walk and Leisure-time Walking in Latino Adults(2018-10-18) Desai, ShreyaSeeing others exercise is associated with higher leisure-time (LT) physical activity. However, studies have yet to examine the role of neighborhood social cohesion in the relationship between seeing people walk and LT walking among Latino adults. Therefore, we examined whether neighborhood social cohesion mediates the association between the frequency of seeing people walk within sight of home and walking among Latino adults. We used cross-sectional 2015 National Health Interview Survey data on Latino participants aged 18+ years (n=4,669). Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between seeing people walk within sight of home and walking level (high and medium versus low). Models were adjusted for age, sex, education, and acculturation proxies (based on nativity, years living in the US). Indirect effects were assessed using bootstrap methods outlined by Preacher and Hayes, to quantify the extent to which neighborhood social cohesion mediates the association of seeing people walk with LT walking. There was a significant total effect b=0.222, CI [0.16, 0.28]; and direct effect b=0.219, CI [0.16,0.28] of seeing people walk on walking engagement. There was a significant indirect effect of seeing people walk on LT walking through neighborhood social cohesion b= 0.005, CI [0.001, 0.01]. Neighborhood social cohesion partially mediated the relationship of seeing people walk and LT walking. Our findings highlight the role of neighborhood social cohesion in walking among Latino adults, and the importance of continuing to promote walkable neighborhoods.Item Patterns in Hypertension by Job-related Support Across Race/Ethnicity(2023-04-13) Alam, Ishmam; Nambiar, Jagath; Gonzalez, TailishaBackground: Psychosocial stressors at work, such as high demands, have been related to high blood pressure. However, there is limited research on whether workplace support is related to hypertension among US adults. Therefore, we examined associations of managerial workplace support with hypertension and whether this association varied by race/ethnicity. Methods: We used cross-sectional 2015 National Health Interview Survey data on 13,430 participants aged 18+ years. To assess job support, participants were asked for their agreement with the statement, "I can count on my supervisor or manager for support when I need it." Hypertension was assessed based on whether they have been told by a doctor that they had hypertension. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations between job support and hypertension. Models were adjusted for age, sex, education, overweight/obesity status, insurance coverage status, and type of occupation. Results: In adjusted models, compared with those that strongly agreed/agreed with the job support statement, those that strongly disagreed/disagreed with the statement were significantly more likely to report having hypertension (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.45). When stratified by race/ethnicity, Latinos that strongly disagreed/disagreed with the job support statement were significantly more likely to report having hypertension (OR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.47). Conclusion: US adults that report lacking support from their supervisors are significantly more likely to report hypertension, particularly Latino adults. Future workplace health interventions should take into consideration the role of support provided by managers and supervisors in cardiovascular health. ***This project was completed with contributions from Tailisha Gonzalez, Peace Okpala, and Elizabeth Vasquez from the City University of New York, University of North Carolina Greensboro, and University of Albany State University of New York respectively.Item Perceived Workplace Safety is Not Associated with Hypertension among U.S. Adults(2022-04-14) Alam, Ishmam; Mullens, David; Nambiar, JagathBackground: Work-related factors such as negative interactions with supervisors and low job decision latitude have been shown to be associated with risk of hypertension. However, there is limited research on the association between workplace safety and hypertension. Therefore, we examined associations of self-perceived level of workplace safety and safety as a priority for management with hypertension. Methods: We used cross-sectional 2015 National Health Interview Survey data on employed participants aged 18+ years (n=5,728). To assess safety, participants were asked “Overall, how safe do you think your workplace is?” and their level of agreement with the statement, "The health and safety of workers is a high priority with management where I work." Hypertension was assessed based on whether they have been told by a doctor that they had hypertension. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations between workplace safety measures and hypertension. Models were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, body mass index, smoking status, insurance coverage status, and shift work. Results: In adjusted models, the associations between self-perceived levels of safety of the workplace and hypertension were not statistically significant. Additionally, reported agreement with the statement that “health and safety are a priority for management” was not significantly associated with hypertension. Conclusion: In conclusion, there was no association between workplace safety and hypertension. Future research should consider additional workplace factors, such as the industries and occupations of respondents in addition to other measures of safety (e.g., number of accidents) in relation to hypertension risk.Item Relationship between Socioeconomic Status, Physical Activity, and Health Outcomes: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(2020-08) Reesor-Oyer, Layton; O'Connor, Daniel P.; Hernandez, Daphne C.; Murillo, Rosenda; LaVoy, Emily C.According to the Social Determinants of Health, social factors such as education, income, and employment (i.e. factors that comprise socio-economic status, SES) impact adult health and associated health behaviors such as physical activity (PA). The purpose of this three-paper dissertation was to better understand the inter-relationship of SES, PA, sedentary behaviors (SB), and health (including metabolic syndrome and overweight/obesity) among a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. Specifically, the three aims addressed the following 1) examined the relationship between three SES indicators: education, income, and employment status with non-leisure time physical activity (non-LTPA), 2) evaluated the relationship of occupational physical activity (OPA) and metabolic syndrome and its components, 3) assessed the role of LTPA and SB in the income-overweight/obesity relationship. To do this, all three aims utilized four waves of publicly available data from The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2007– 2014), which included a total of 15,376 non-pregnant, non-older adults (aged 20-59 years). The sample was reduced to only include individuals who met the criteria and without missing data on the variables of interest for each aim (Aim 1: n=11,985, Aim 2: n= 3,253, Aim 3: n =10,348). Descriptive statistics, as well as weighted linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted using STATA version 15.0 statistical software (Aim 1 and 2). Structural equation modeling was conducted in Mplus version 8.3 (Aim 3). Survey procedures were used in all analyses to account for the NHANES sampling design. Aim 1: When examining the relationship between three SES indicators: education, income, and employment status with non-LTPA, findings indicated that only education and employment were related to non-LTPA. Having less than a high school education [OR = 1.44 (0.18), p < .01] and having a high school education [OR = 1.43 (0.12), p < .001] were associated with increased odds of meeting PA guidelines from non-LTPA, compared to a college degree. Part-time employment was associated with increased odds of meeting PA guidelines from non-LTPA [OR= 1.28 (0.12); p < .01], compared to full-time employment. Aim 2: When evaluating the relationship of OPA with metabolic syndrome and its components, findings suggest that OPA was not associated with metabolic syndrome, nor its components (p >.05). Further, the relationships did not differ between women and men (interaction term p >.05). Aim 3: When assessing the role of LTPA and SB in the income-overweight/obesity relationship, income indirectly influences overweight/obesity through its association with LTPA and SB. Greater income was negatively associated with overweight/obesity (Total effect: B=-0.046; 95%CI=-0.07,-0.02). Income indirectly influenced overweight/obesity through LPTA (Indirect effect: B=-0.005; 95%CI=-0.01,-0.003) and through SB (Indirect effect: B=0.008; 95%CI=0.005,0.01), but in opposing directions. The direct effect from income to overweight/obesity remained statistically significant (Direct Effect: B=-0.049; 95%C =-0.07;-0.02). LTPA partially accounted for the negative relationship between income and overweight/obesity; SB reduced the strength of the negative relationship between income and overweight/obesity. Aim 1 provides a comprehensive understanding of how SES is related to non-LTPA. Consequently, it raises awareness of the need to consider non-LTPA among low SES populations. Practitioners attempting to increase PA should consider these complexities and assess non-LTPA in addition to LTPA. Aim 2 indicated that there were no substantial associations between OPA and cardiovascular health indicators among a U.S. nationally representative cross-sectional sample. This contrasts findings from non-US-based samples which identified OPA as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, especially among males (i.e. PA Health Paradox), Future prospective, longitudinal studies are needed to understand the long-term effects of OPA on the risk of experiencing metabolic syndrome among the U.S. population. Aim 3 suggests that targeted behavior approaches for weight management by income may be beneficial. Increasing LTPA among adults with lower income and decreasing SB among adults with higher income may provide some overweight/obesity protection. Taken together, these findings illustrate the complexities of the inter-relationships of SES, PA, SB, and health.Item The Association between Frequency of Seeing People Walk and Neighborhood Social Cohesion: Race/Ethnic Differences(2018-10-18) Yanez, Jocelyn G.This project examines the association between the frequency of seeing people walk within sight of home and neighborhood social cohension among adults, and whether this association varies by race/ethnicity.Item The Association of Neighborhood Social Cohesion with Sleep Duration by Latino Subgroup(2017-10-12) Agrawal, Pooja; Ayalew, Leilina; Guzman, Francisco J.; Ortega, Lily M.; Yanez, Jocelyn G.; Hernandez, Daphne C.PURPOSE: To examine the association between neighborhood social cohesion and sleep duration by Latino subgroup. CONCLUSIONS: Among Mexican/Mexican-Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Central or South Americans, individuals reporting medium levels of neighborhood social cohesion were significantly more likely to report normal sleep duration. Among Mexican/Mexican-Americans, Cuban/Cuban American, and Central or South Americans those who reported high neighborhood social cohesion were significantly more likely to report normal sleep duration. Health promotion programs aimed at promoting healthy sleep duration levels among Latino subpopulations should consider the role of the neighborhood environment, such as neighborhood social cohesion, in sleep quality.Item The Association of Perceived Cancer Risk with Aerobic Physical Activity in US Adults(2018-10-18) Asadifar, Keana; Desai, Shreya; Memon, UmaimaLimited research has examined the relationship between perceived risk of cancer (breast and colorectal cancer) and meeting the aerobic PA guideline. This study will examine the association between perceived cancer risk and meeting the current aerobic PA guideline. We used 2015 National Health Interview Study data on adult participants aged ≥18 years (N=32,489). Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the likelihood of engaging in some activity and meeting the aerobic guideline vs. none. Women who perceive themselves at higher than average, and average risk for breast cancer are significantly less likely to meet the guideline, relative to no activity (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.76-0.97; OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.65-0.91, respectively). Individuals who perceive themselves at higher than average risk for colorectal cancer are more likely to engage in some activity and meet the guideline (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.01-1.48; OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.37-1.86, respectively). Those who perceive themselves at average risk for colorectal cancer are more likely to meet the guideline (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.07-1.47). Health programs should continue to increase awareness about the benefits of PA in cancer risk reduction.Item Work-related Exertion and Standing/Walking are Associated with Leisure-time Physical Activity in Latinos(2020-09-29) Desai, ShreyaPURPOSE: To examine associations between frequency of work-related exertion and standing/walking with LTPA among Latino adults. This project was completed with contributions from Tailisha Gonzalez from City University of New York, Sandra Echeverria from University of North Carolina at Greensboro, and Elizabeth Vasquez from University at Albany.