Browsing by Author "Kratovic, Layla"
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Item PTSD Symptoms and Suicidality in College Students: The Role of Distress Tolerance(2018-10-18) Kratovic, LaylaPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a strong predictor of suicide attempts and has been shown to independently predict suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Distress tolerance (DT), which refers to the capacity to tolerate negative emotional and/or physical states, is a cognitive-affective factor with clinical relevance to PTSD and suicidality. No studies to date have examined these associations among undergraduate students, a population at risk for suicidal ideation and behavior. It was hypothesized that greater PTSD symptom severity and lower perceived DT, respectively, would be associated with greater suicidal ideation and suicide risk; and that PTSD symptom severity would exert an indirect effect on suicidality through perceived DT. Covariates included trauma load, negative affectivity, and sociodemographic factors. Participants were composed of 740 trauma-exposed undergraduate students (78.1% female; Mage= 21.9) who consented to and completed self-report survey questionnaires. Results indicated that greater PTSD symptom severity and lower DT, respectively, were significantly associated with greater suicidal ideation and suicide risk. Further, PTSD symptom severity may exert an indirect effect on suicidal ideation and suicide risk through perceived DT. Effects were documented after controlling for theoretically relevant covariates. Clinical and research implications to be discussed.Item PTSD Symptoms and Suicidality in University Students: The Role of Distress Tolerance(2019-05) Kratovic, LaylaPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a strong predictor of suicide attempts and has been shown to independently predict suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Distress tolerance (DT), which refers to the capacity to tolerate negative emotional and/or physical states, is a cognitive-affective factor with clinical relevance to PTSD and suicidality. No studies to date have examined the associations of PTSD symptoms, DT, and suicidal ideation or suicide risk among undergraduate students, a population at risk for suicidal ideation and behavior. It was hypothesized that greater PTSD symptom severity and lower perceived DT, respectively, would be associated with greater suicidal ideation and suicide risk (i.e., suicidality); and that PTSD symptom severity would exert an indirect effect on suicidality through perceived DT. Covariates included trauma load, negative affectivity, and gender. Participants were comprised of 819 trauma-exposed university students (78.0% female; Mage= 22.0) who consented to and completed self-report survey questionnaires. Results indicated that greater PTSD symptom severity and lower DT, respectively, were significantly associated with greater suicidal ideation and suicide risk. Further, PTSD symptom severity exerted an indirect effect on suicidal ideation and suicide risk through perceived DT. Effects were documented after controlling for theoretically relevant covariates. Clinical and research implications are discussed.Item Script-Driven Trauma- and Drug-Related Cue Reactivity: Examining Correlates of Script Content among Inner-City Adults with Posttraumatic Stress and Substance Use Disorders(2017-10-12) Nomamiukor, Faith; Kratovic, Layla; Smith, LiaIntroduction. The co-occurrence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Substance Use Disorder (SUD) is highly prevalent, complex, and difficult-to-treat (Roberts et al, 2015). Script driven cue reactivity has been shown to be a promising paradigm for understanding PTSD/SUD associations (Tull et al,2016; Saladin et al, 2003). Script driven cue reactivity is the physiological reactivity and/or self-reported substance craving that results from exposure to visual or scripted cues (Hopper et al, 2007; Sokhadze et al., 2007; Witterman et al, 2015). Greater cue reactivity to both substance-related and trauma-related cues has been associated with increased substance use and higher PTSD symptom severity (Chicoat et al 1998; Read et al, 2004; Tull et al, 2011). No studies to date have examined associations between trauma and substance script cue content and PTSD or SUD severity in PTSD/SUD populations. Hypothesis. Greater use of emotion, trauma, or substance words in the scripts will be related to greater craving and greater PTSD and substance use severity. Discussion. Main hypotheses were not supported by the results. e.g., PTSD symptom severity and diagnoses were negatively associated with substance words in the substance scripts and trauma scripts. As expected, we did find that substance words in substance scripts were positively associated with the amount of money spent on alcohol and substance words in trauma scripts were positively associated with alcohol use and alcohol problems.