Browsing by Author "Hauptvogel, Daniel"
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Item Application of Remote Sensing Techniques to Study Thermokarst Landforms in the North Alaskan Permafrost along the Trans-Alaska Pipeline(2023-05-08) Pippin, Chandler; Khan, Shuhab D.; Hauptvogel, Daniel; Milillo, PietroLarge parts of Alaska have been affected by permafrost degradation. Thermokarst activity in Alaska is currently observed within the Arctic Circle in Alaska’s North Slope region. As climate change models predict a significant increase in ground temperature over time, this thermokarst activity will increase. This will affect large infrastructure such as the Trans-Alaska Pipeline and could cause significant damage. To map the areas where this is occurring, various image processing techniques were applied on Landsat 8 Optical Land Imager and high-resolution digital elevation models. The final classification identified six different classes with each class being separated by their vegetation characteristics, soil moisture content, elevation and slope characteristics, and the effect they would have on permafrost degradation. This classification method identified that the three major thermokarst landforms cover 62.2% of the total study area. The overall accuracy of the classification was 90.08%. This process was repeated for the study area in 2014 and in 2021 resulting in the observation of 3.5% increase in the total area of thermokarst. Statistics of the surface geology of the study area indicate the loose, unconsolidated sediment in the region is most likely to contain thermokarst landforms. Further identification of thermokarst and differential elevation analysis of digital elevation models from TanDEM-X allowed for the detailed measurement of subsidence that is occurring at these thermokarst classes over time. This identified that thermo-erosional valleys have more erosion and permafrost degradation than the other classes. The overall accuracy of the classification and the success in measuring the subsidence of each classification of thermokarst landforms indicate that this method can be used for mapping in other arctic areas of similar geology that do not already have data sets of permafrost degradation in the regionItem Neotectonics Study Along The Frontal Thrust System Of The Fold-Thrust Belt Of Northwest Himalayas, Pakistan(2023-12) Qureshi, Kamil Ahmed; Khan, Shuhab D.; Suppe, John; Hauptvogel, Daniel; Hu, XieDevelopments in geodetic techniques such as Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and the launch of new satellite missions with high spatial and temporal coverage have significantly improved our understanding of the geologic and anthropogenic processes, which include but are not limited to mapping active continental/local scale faults. This work utilizes the InSAR-SBAS (Small Baseline Subset) remote sensing technique, high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM), field data, 2D seismic and well data to constrain the structural geometry, geomorphic evolution, and active tectonic deformation of the Himalayan Frontal Thrust System. The first study focuses on the westernmost segment of the Himalayan frontal thrust in the Manzai Ranges. The geologic landscape shows active tectonic features, i.e., stream deflection, wind, and water gaps associated with geologic structures. I used the Sentinel-2B optical imagery and compiled a geologic map using band ratios. Further, the InSAR-SBAS technique was applied with geomorphic indices calculation using Sentinel-1A and TanDEM-X to analyze surface deformation. This work suggests that the frontal structures in the western Himalayas are still going through an active phase of deformation and geomorphic evolution. The second study is on the Manzai Ranges that evolved in less than 1 MA as suggested by the paleomagnetic data; however, the amount of tectonic shortening and the geomorphic evolution of the recently developed frontal structures in the Manzai Ranges are still unknown in reference to the regional Himalayan tectonics. The geometry is constrained by integrating quantitative seismic structural interpretation with field structural data and 12m resolution DEM as fault-bend and detachment folds. This work suggests a single regional detachment in the Miocene age rocks in the Manzai Ranges with no salt tectonics. In the third study, I evaluated the present-day surface deformation rate of the western Salt Range and the Trans Indus Ranges and compared their seismic versus aseismic creep related to the presence or absence of ductile detachment. I used the InSAR-SBAS technique to analyze surface deformation from 2017 – 2023. The time-series analysis shows aseismic creep of the Salt Range, Kalabagh Fault, Khisor Ranges, and the Pezu Fault due to the ductile Precambrian Salt Range Formation.Item Perspectives from Educators Regarding the Integration of Art and Science in the Classroom(2016-05) Lobpries, Melissa J.; Chung, Sheng K.; Zou, Yali; Markello, Carrie; Hauptvogel, DanielArt and science have had a dynamic relationship over the centuries. With the progression of art and science through the course of human history, connections between the two fields are inevitable, as seen in the works of Leonardo da Vinci (late fifteenth-early sixteenth centuries) or Andy Goldsworthy (late twentieth century-present). Despite periods of misunderstanding and separation, art and science collaborations have occurred throughout history and modernity. This qualitative case study intends to highlight, through literature and research, these collaborations and the benefits for education. In addition, findings from this study will be generated to develop ideas for an emergent curriculum called Artistic and Scientific Knowledge (ASK), which is a collaboration of art and science teaching and learning in the classroom. The purpose of this study is to bring teachers’ perspectives to the forefront, and to encourage art and science teachers to collaborate. After further literature review, the rationale for an ethnographic research methodology and other related research is discussed. Using this methodology, a pilot study was previously conducted in which I investigated the perspectives of two art teachers regarding the idea of ASK teaching and learning. This dissertation study expands on my early pilot study and includes a group of three art teachers (two of them from the pilot study) and three science teachers. I continue using the ethnographic research methodology, and conduct interviews with my participants. The interview questions involve the integration of art and science in the classroom, and aim to determine the feasibility of an ASK curriculum in the high school setting. Subsequent to the interviews, I analyze the data and include my own perspective, as an art teacher and researcher. Several themes that emerged from this analysis are: teachers felt 1) both art and science have concepts/aspects that are difficult to understand; 2) a curiosity and interest in learning more about certain aspects of each other’s subjects; 3) commonalities between art and science are: creativity, discovery, problem solving, thought process, and use of visuals; 4) in favor of integration, with a need for guidance on how to do and apply it – logistical issues; 5) in favor of incorporating the other subject’s concepts into their lessons, with a willingness to learn more; 6) students would benefit from learning art and science concepts together; 7) an ASK curriculum is feasible in the high school setting; and 8) in favor of collaborating with one another to further develop this type of curriculum. Drawing from these findings, I articulate ideas of the proposed ASK curriculum, as well as possible future collaborations with other art and science teachers. This study is significant to teachers, administrators, and curriculum designers within all levels of art education and science education. More often than not, art education is seen as less necessary than core subjects, such as math and science, for student success in the real world. Through research, analysis, and interpretation of art and science collaborations, both in schools and in the real world, I discuss the positive implications that art has had on science teaching and learning and vice versa. Successful results of art and science education collaborations are encouraging to teachers, administrators, and curriculum designers who are reinventing or redesigning curricula to fit twenty-first century thinkers.Item Sedimentary Signature of Past Ice Sheet and Ocean Dynamics in Antarctica(2021-08) Robinson, Delaney Elyse; Wellner, Julia S.; Hauptvogel, Daniel; Robinson, Alexander C.; Menzies, JohnThe Antarctic Ice Sheet is currently losing mass, in part owing to extensive regions of ice grounded below sea level that are vulnerable to instability and rapid retreat. Reconstructions of past dynamics and extent of the Antarctic Ice Sheet provide an important context for understanding controls on ice-sheet behavior and are required to accurately predict the future behavior of ice sheets and global sea-level changes during a warming climate. This work investigated the sedimentological record recovered from two regions of the Antarctic margin to reconstruct ice-sheet history and to provide constraints for understanding past glacial dynamics. We used sediment characteristics as a tool to constrain paleo-depositional environments down-core in relation to ice sheet extent and glacial cycles. Micro- to macro-scale analyses were conducted to examine subglacial and marine sediments from the Ross Sea and Amundsen Sea region, respectively. Deposits from the Last Glacial Maximum in the western Ross Sea provide an opportunity to investigate paleo-ice stream processes using sediment cores associated with glacial landforms. We observed variations in sediment properties within subglacial deposits that suggests different sediment response to glacial stress, resulting in non-pervasive deformation within the till. These observations are consistent with the interpretation that a dynamic ice sheet with variable flow regimes existed across the Ross Sea during the Last Glacial Maximum. International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 379 obtained drill core records from the Amundsen Sea continental rise, to document West Antarctic Ice Sheet history in a region currently experiencing the largest ice loss in Antarctica. Detailed facies investigations were conducted on Late Miocene to Pliocene strata and established sedimentary facies associated with interglacial and glacial periods. Massive, bioturbated muds with clasts were deposited through bottom current and hemipelagic processes during interglacial periods, while laminated silty clay intervals dominated by terrigenous components were supplied by downslope transport during glacial periods. The contacts observed at the top of the interglacial deposits to the onset of glacial periods are sharp. We interpret the sudden transition from interglacial to glacial facies to indicate West Antarctic Ice Sheet did not fully collapse during Late Miocene-Pliocene interglacial periods, which allowed rapid onset of glacial periods that initiated downslope gravity transport. Despite no indication of collapse, our records show evidence for extended warm periods with polythermal ice sheets capable of extensive subglacial deformation and erosion, likely contributing to the overdeepened topography of the continental shelf.Item The Story of Earth: An Observational Guide(2021) Hauptvogel, Daniel; Sisson, VirginiaThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. This lab manual for historical geology focuses on student observations. The web version of this book is available at https://uhlibraries.pressbooks.pub/historicalgeologylab/