Browsing by Author "Banks, Josilyn Camille"
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Item INTER-OBSERVER AGREEMENT AND THE EFFECTS OF ETHNICITY ON OBSERVATIONAL CODING OF AFFECT(2013-12) Banks, Josilyn Camille; Babcock, Julia C.; Norton, Peter J.; Knee, C. RaymondObservational research has shown that ethnicity of coders can bias their coding of people of different ethnic origin. However, observational coding systems of affect assume that emotion is universal and can be reliably coded across culture. The current study examined whether the ethnicity of the coder interacts with the ethnicity of the observed participant to influence judgments of the participants' affect displays. Couples engaged in a conflict discussion and their affect displays were coded using the Specific Affect Coding System (SPAFF; Gottman, McCoy, Coan, & Collier, 1996). Although it was predicted that coders would show a positive bias towards “in-group” (ethnically matched) participants and a negative bias towards “out-group” (not ethnically matched) participants, result suggest that no such biases exist Rather, Caucasian coders coded more neutral affect for Caucasian couples than African American coders coded for Caucasian couples. This only significant difference between coders on judgments of positive or negative codes suggests that SPAFF is relatively robust against ethnic stereotyping.Item The Effects of Ethnicity on the Cross-Cultural Reliability of the Specific Affect Coding System(2018-05) Banks, Josilyn Camille; Babcock, Julia C.; Walker, Rheeda L.; Rodriguez, Lindsey M.; Broussard, DominiqueThe Specific Affect Coding System (SPAFF; Gottman, McCoy, Coan, & Collier, 1996) is the most widely used observational coding system of interpersonal interactions. While emotions are universal, observers may introduce subtle racial bias into how they label emotions. This study intended to extend on previous findings that showed that White American coders viewed Black American couples’ interactions as less neutral and more affectively laden than did Black American coders. A second aim was to assess the effectiveness of a project designed global SPAFF coding protocol. Black and White American naïve coders (N = 100) coded videos of couples engaging in a conflict discussion using the Global SPAFF. There were significant race of coder by race of couple interactions on Neutral, Anger, Belligerence, Contempt, and Domineering. Specifically, White/Hispanic American coders coded the White Couple as being more angry, contemptuous, belligerent, and domineering than did the Black American Coders. Black coders did not see significant differences between Black American and White American couples’ interactions. This suggests that White/Hispanic coders are less able to identify these codes in Black couples and that Black coders are less discerning of in-group/out-group differences in these codes.