Kim, Han JoeMillsap, Roger2020-03-102020-03-1011/1/2015Copyright 2014 Multivariate Behavioral Research. This is a post-print version of a published paper that is available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00273171.2014.947352 Recommended citation: Kim, Hanjoe, and Roger Millsap. "Using the Bollen-Stine Bootstrapping Method for Evaluating Approximate Fit Indices." Multivariate behavioral research 49, no. 6 (2014): 581. DOI: 10.1080/00273171.2014.947352 This item has been deposited in accordance with publisher copyright and licensing terms and with the author’s permission.https://hdl.handle.net/10657/6162Accepting that a model will not exactly fit any empirical data, global approximate fit indices quantify the degree of misfit. Recent research (Chen et al., 2008) has shown that using fixed conventional cut-points for approximate fit indices can lead to decision errors. Instead of using fixed cut-points for evaluating approximate fit indices, this study focuses on the meaning of approximate fit and introduces a new method to evaluate approximate fit indices. Millsap (2012) introduced a simulation-based method to evaluate approximate fit indices. A limitation of Millsap’s work was that a rather strong assumption of multivariate normality was implied in generating simulation data. In this study, the Bollen-Stine bootstrapping procedure (Bollen & Stine, 1993) is proposed to supplement the former study. When data are non-normal, the conclusions derived from Millsap’s (2012) simulation method and the Bollen-Stine method can differ. Examples are given to illustrate the use of the Bollen-Stine bootstrapping procedure for evaluating RMSEA. Comparisons are made with the simulation method. The results are discussed, and suggestions are given for the use of proposed method.en-USapproximate fit indicesRMSEABollen-Stine bootstrappingcut-pointsarticle