Synthesis and studies of new tin(II) compounds

Complexes of tin(II) chloride using various amines as the coordinating ligand were prepared by the direct interaction of tin(II) chloride with the appropriate amine in alcoholic solvents. X-ray diffraction studies revealed several of the complexes to be amorphous, while other complexes were shown to possess an ordered crystalline structure. Conductivity studies revealed two of the adducts to be essentially non-electrolytes, insolubility precluding any such studies of the remaining compounds. The coordination adducts were also characterized by elemental analyses and infrared spectroscopy. Tin(II) dialkyldi thiocarbamates were synthesized by the reaction of anhydrous tin(II) chloride with dialkyl ammonium di thiocarbamates in an alcoholic medium. The complexes were shown to be non-electrolytes in various solvents, while tin(II) diethyldithiocarbamate was found to be a dimer in benzene. Proton-nmr data revealed the proton coupling constants and kinetic processes of the complexes in benzene to be comparable to those found in other similar metal di thiocarbamates. Charcterization of the tin(II) di thiocarbamates also included infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ESCA), thermogravimetry, and mass spectrometry. Studies were carried out to determine the relative Lewis acidity strength of the tin(II) halides. Infrared and proton-nmr spectroscopy were utilized to determine variation in the metal-nitrogen bond strength for several series of tin(II) halide-amine complexes including SnX[lowered 2][dot]l,10-phenanthroline and SnX[lowered 2][dot]2diethyl amine (X = F, Cl, Br, I). The acceptor strengths of the stannous halides were studied and discussed within the context of the hard-soft acid-base (HSAB) theory. The apparent hardness of the tin compounds was found to decrease in the order SnF[lowered 2], SnCl[lowered 2], SnBr[lowered 2], SnI[lowered 2].