Purpose. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between Piagetian conservation of number tasks and young children's ability to count. Procedures. The subjects were sixty-eight children, thirty-four boys and thirty-four girls, age 5 years 0 months to 7 years 6 months. Each child was tested individually by the experimenter on relational terms (more, same, and less), conservation of number, and three types of counting (rote, rational, and reproduction). Data Analysis. Sixty-eight subjects were classified as conservers or nonconservers according to their performance on the test of number conservation. Conserver and nonconserver subjects were also categorized into counters or noncounters according to their performance on the test of counting. Yule's Q was used to analyze the data to examine the relationship between conservation of number and counting. [...]